氣體探測報(bào)警器由探測器與報(bào)警控制主機(jī)構(gòu)成,廣泛應(yīng)用于石油、燃?xì)狻⒒?、油庫等存在有毒氣體的石油化工行業(yè),用以檢測室內(nèi)外危險(xiǎn)場所的泄漏情況,是保證生產(chǎn)和人身安全的重要儀器.當(dāng)被測場所存在有毒氣體時(shí),探測器將氣信號轉(zhuǎn)換成電壓信號或電流信號傳送到報(bào)警儀表,儀器顯示出有毒氣體爆炸下限的百分比濃度值.當(dāng)有毒氣體濃度超過報(bào)警設(shè)定值時(shí)發(fā)生聲光報(bào)警信號提示,值班人員及時(shí)采取安全措施,避免燃爆事故發(fā)生.

Gas detection alarm detector and alarm control host which is widely used in petroleum, chemical, gas, oil depots and other toxic gas in petrochemical industry, in order to detect indoor leakage of dangerous places, is an important instrument to ensure production and personal safety. When the measured presence of toxic gases, gas detector the signal is converted into voltage signal and current signal is transmitted to the alarm instrument, instrument shows the percentage concentration of toxic gas explosion limit value. When the concentration of toxic gases exceeds the alarm settings when an alarm signal indicating that the personnel on duty take safety measures, to avoid explosion accidents.

一:應(yīng)用時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)

First: the notice of application

氣體探測報(bào)警器固定式安裝一經(jīng)就位,其位置就不易更改,具體應(yīng)用時(shí)應(yīng)考慮以下幾點(diǎn).

The position of the fixed installation of the gas detection alarm is not easy to change, and the following points should be taken into consideration in the application.

(1)弄清所要監(jiān)測的裝置有哪些可能泄漏點(diǎn),分析它們的泄漏壓力、方向等因素,并畫出探頭位置分布圖,根據(jù)泄漏的嚴(yán)重程度分成Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三種等級.

(1) find out the possible leakage points of the device to be monitored, analyze their leakage pressure and direction, and draw the location map of the probe, which is divided into three grades according to the severity of leakage, i. e., I, II and III.

(2)根據(jù)所在場所的氣流方向、風(fēng)向等具體因素,判斷當(dāng)發(fā)生大量泄漏時(shí),有毒氣體的泄漏方向.

(2) according to the specific factors such as the direction of the airflow and the wind direction of the place, the direction of the leakage of toxic gases is judged when a large number of leaks occur.

(3)根據(jù)泄漏氣體的密度(大于或小于空氣),結(jié)合空氣流動(dòng)趨勢,綜合成泄漏的立體流動(dòng)趨勢圖,并在其流動(dòng)的下游位置作出初始設(shè)點(diǎn)方案.

(3) according to the density of the gas leakage (greater than or less than the air), combined with the air flow trend, three-dimensional flow trend of integrated map leak, and make up the initial scheme in the downstream position of the flow.

(4)研究泄漏點(diǎn)的泄漏狀態(tài)是微漏還是噴射狀.如果是微漏,則設(shè)點(diǎn)的位置就要靠近泄漏點(diǎn)一些.如果是噴射狀泄漏,則要稍遠(yuǎn)離泄漏點(diǎn).綜合這些狀況,擬定出終設(shè)點(diǎn)方案.這樣,需要購置的數(shù)量和品種即可估算出來.

(4) the research state of leakage leakage is micro leakage or spray. If it is micro leakage, is located the position to close the leak. If the spray leakage, to slightly away from the leak. The combination of these conditions, to set up the final scheme. In this way, the need to purchase the number and variety of can be calculated.

(5)對于存在較大有毒氣體泄漏的場所,根據(jù)有關(guān)規(guī)定每相距10—20m應(yīng)設(shè)一個(gè)檢測點(diǎn).對于無人值班的小型且不連續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的泵房,需要注意發(fā)生有毒氣體泄漏的可能性,一般應(yīng)在下風(fēng)口安裝一臺檢測器.

(5) in the presence of large toxic gas leakage location, according to the relevant provisions of each is 10 - 20m should set up a checkpoint for unattended small and continuous operation of the pump, the need to pay attention to the possibility of toxic gas leak occurred, should install a detector in the air.

(6)對于有氫氣泄漏的場所,應(yīng)將檢測器安裝在泄漏點(diǎn)上方平面.

(6) for a place with hydrogen leakage, the detector should be installed above the surface of the leakage point.

(7)對于氣體密度大于空氣的介質(zhì),應(yīng)將檢測器安裝在低于泄漏點(diǎn)的下方平面上,并注意周圍環(huán)境特點(diǎn).對于容易積聚有毒氣體的場所應(yīng)特別注意安全監(jiān)測點(diǎn)的設(shè)定.

(7) for a gas density larger than air, the detector should be installed below the surface below the leak point and pay attention to the characteristics of the surrounding environment. Special attention should be paid to the setting of safety monitoring points for places where toxic gases are easily accumulated.

(8)對于開放式有毒氣體擴(kuò)散逸出環(huán)境,如果缺乏良好的通風(fēng)條件,也很容易使某個(gè)部位的空氣中的有毒氣體含量接近或達(dá)到爆炸下限濃度,這些都是不可忽視的安全監(jiān)測點(diǎn). 根據(jù)現(xiàn)場事故的分析結(jié)果,其中一半以上是由不正確的安裝和校驗(yàn)造成的.因此,有必要介紹正確的安裝和校驗(yàn)的注意事項(xiàng)以減少故障.

(8) for the open toxic gas diffusion environment, if the lack of good ventilation conditions, it is easy to make one part of the content of toxic gases in the air close to or reach the minimum explosive concentration, which are safety monitoring points can not be ignored. According to the results of analysis of the accident scene, more than half of them are caused by by the installation and calibration of incorrect. Therefore, it is necessary to note the installation and check the right to reduce the fault.

二:氣體探測報(bào)警器安裝的注意事項(xiàng)

Two: precautions for installation of gas detection alarm

(1)報(bào)警器探頭主要是接觸燃燒氣體傳感器的檢測元件,由鉑絲線圈上包氧化鋁和黏合劑組成球狀,其外表面附有鉑、鈀等稀有金屬.因此,在安裝時(shí)一定要小心,避免摔壞探頭.

(1) the detectors of the annunciator mainly touch the detecting elements of the burning gas sensors. They are made up of aluminum oxide and adhesives on the platinum wire coil, and some rare metals such as platinum and palladium are attached on the outer surface. Therefore, we must be careful when installing, and avoid breaking the probes.

(2)報(bào)警器的安裝高度一般應(yīng)在160—170cm,以便于維修人員進(jìn)行日常維護(hù).

(2) the installation height of the alarm should generally be 160 - 170cm, in order to facilitate the maintenance of the maintenance personnel.

(3)報(bào)警器是安全儀表,有聲、光顯示功能,應(yīng)安裝在工作人員易看到和易聽到的地方,以便及時(shí)隱患.

(3) the alarm is a safety instrument with sound and light display functions. It should be installed in the places where the staff are easy to see and hear, so that the hidden dangers can be eliminated in time.

(4)報(bào)警器的周圍不能有對儀表工作有影響的強(qiáng)電磁場(如大功率電機(jī)、變壓器).

(4) there is no strong magnetic field (such as high-power motor and transformer) that affects the work of the instrument around the alarm.

(5)被測氣體的密度不同,室內(nèi)探頭的安裝位置也應(yīng)不同.被測氣體密度小于空氣密度時(shí),探頭應(yīng)安裝在距屋頂30cm外,方向向下;反之,探頭應(yīng)安裝在距地面30cm處,方向向上.

(5) the density of the measured gas is different. The installation location of the indoor probe should also be different. When the measured gas density is less than the air density, the probe should be installed in the direction outside the roof 30cm. On the contrary, the probe should be installed at 30cm from the ground and upward.